Beyond the fall line, the river is unnavigable for boats sailing upstream. The fall line is often marked by rapids at the places where the river cuts sharply down to lower levels in the Tidewater or Low Country of the coastal plain. Like many other significant early settlements in colonial America, Columbia is on the fall line of the Piedmont region. In 1754 the colonial government in South Carolina established a ferry to connect the fort with the growing European settlements on the higher ground on the east bank. It was at the fall line and the head of navigation in the Santee River system. The settlers established a frontier fort and fur trading post named after the Congaree, on the west bank of the Congaree River. ĭuring the colonial era, European settlers encountered the Congaree in this area, who inhabited several villages along the Congaree River. The expedition produced the earliest written historical records of this area, which was part of the regional Cofitachequi chiefdom of the Mississippian culture. In May 1540, a Spanish expedition led by Hernando de Soto traversed what is now Columbia while moving northward on exploration of the interior of the Southeast. See also: Timeline of Columbia, South Carolina Early history Former slave quarters at the Hale–Elmore–Seibels House in downtown Columbia. Air Force and is used as a training base for the 169th Fighter Wing of the South Carolina Air National Guard. Twenty miles to the east of the city is McEntire Joint National Guard Base, which is operated by the U.S. Columbia is the site of Fort Jackson, the largest United States Army installation for Basic Combat Training. The area has benefited from Congressional support for Southern military installations. In 1860, the South Carolina Secession Convention took place in Columbia delegates voted for secession, making South Carolina the first state to leave the Union in the events leading up to the Civil War.Ĭolumbia is home to the University of South Carolina, the state's flagship public university and the largest in the state. As the state capital, Columbia is the site of the South Carolina State House, the center of government for the state. It lies at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River, which merge at Columbia to form the Congaree River. It is also the primary city of the Midlands region of the state. The city is located southeast of the geographic center of South Carolina and was the center of population of South Carolina in 2020. Columbia is often abbreviated as Cola, leading to its nickname as "Soda City". The name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States, derived from the name of Christopher Columbus, who explored for the Spanish Crown. It is the center of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 829,470 in 2020 and is the 7th-most populous urban center in the Deep South and the 72nd- most populous metropolitan statistical area in the nation. The city serves as the county seat of Richland County, and a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. With a population of 136,632 at the 2020 census, it is the second-most populous city in South Carolina.
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